Sunday, July 28, 2013

The Banality of Evil


IM (an American citizen with an inquiring mind):  Gentlemen, yesterday morning I read an article where Bishop Tutu proclaimed, “I would not worship a God who is homophobic and that is how deeply I feel about this. . . . I would refuse to go to a homophobic heaven.  No, I would say sorry, I mean I would much rather go to the other place.”

AM:  (an American seasoned combat aviator with an inquiring mind):  I may have read the same article. Tutu was speaking in connection with the United Nations’ global campaign to advance gay rights.

IM:  Yes, and I also came across a headline, “‘Pope Francis Apologies to LGBT Youth at World Youth Day Event:’ My Prayer for the Church.”  The headline, which was imagined, and its corresponding article were written by a Catholic priest.

AM:  I think what is disappointing about the LGBT issue is that there are many who disagree with the morality of LGBT behaviors, yet still have love and compassion for those who engage in such behaviors.  Labeling these people as homophobic is disingenuous and pejorative.  But, by using such terms, there is a deliberate effort to change the values we internalize.  We talked about this in our last discussion on the end of truth. There seems to be a contest between secular and religious faith systems.

IM:  Ironically, I recently learned that an Air Force Chaplain assigned to Joint Based Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) has been censored for posting an article entitled, “No Atheists in Foxholes:  Chaplains Gave All in World War II.”  Within five hours of receiving a complaint from the Military Religious Freedom Foundation (MRFF), the base commander had the essay taken down. Remember, MRFF is headed up by Mikey Weinstein. 

AM:  What was it in the essay that offended readers?

IM:  The essay’s theme was about faith.  Before it is completely censored, here is the original essay that I was able to recover from Fox News:

Chaplain’s Corner: No Atheists in Foxholes: Chaplains Gave All in World War II”

By Lt. Col. Kenneth Reyes

Many have heard the familiar phrase, “There is no such thing as an atheist in a fox hole.”

Where did this come from?

Research I verified in an interview with former World War II prisoner of war Roy Bodine (my friend) indicates the phrase has been credited to Father William Cummings.

As the story goes, Father Cummings was a civilian missionary Catholic priest in the Philippines.

The phrase was coined during the Japanese attack at Corregidor.

During the siege, Cummings had noticed non-Catholics were attending his services.

Some he knew were not Catholic, some were not religious and some were even known atheists.

Life-and-death experiences prompt a reality check.

Even the strongest of beliefs can change, and, I may add, can go both ways – people can be drawn to or away from “faith.”

With the pending surrender of allied forces to the Japanese, Cummings uttered the famous phrase “There is no such thing as an atheist in a fox hole.”

In one of my many discussions with Roy, he distinctly remembered a period on the “Hell Ships” – these were ships the Japanese used to bring POWs from the Philippines back to Japan.

They were unmarked and thus ‘fair game’ for attacks from the allies from the air and sea.

Of the 3,000-plus POWs listed on the ships, only 180 survived the journey.

“When our own planes were attacking us,” Roy said, “I remember Father Cummings calming us down by reciting the Lord’s Prayer and offering up prayers on our behalf.

For a brief moment I did not hear the yells and screams of dying men as our boat was attacked by our own men.”

He went on to say, “There was a peaceful quiet during the attack that I cannot explain nor have experienced since.”

Later on during the trip to Japan, Cummings, after giving his food to others who needed it more, succumbed to his own need and died of starvation.

Everyone expresses some form of faith every day, whether it is religious or secular.

Some express faith by believing when they get up in the morning they will arrive at work in one piece, thankful they have been given another opportunity to enjoy the majesty of the day; or express relief the doctor’s results were negative.

The real question is, “Is it important to have faith in ‘faith’ itself or is it more important to ask, ‘What is the object of my faith?’”

Roy never affirmed or expressed whether his faith was rooted in religion or not, but for a moment in time on the “Hell Ships,” he believed in Cummings’ faith.

What is the root or object of your faith?

Is it something you can count on in times of plenty or loss; peace or chaos; joy or sorrow; success or failure?

Is it something you can count on in times of plenty or loss; peace or chaos; joy or sorrow; success or failure?

What is ‘faith’ to you?

AM:  The essay is brilliantly written.  The chaplain gave interested readers encouragement to reflect upon the source of their faith, whether religious or secular.

IM:  Yet, here are accusations from the Foundation’s letter to the JBER base commander:

·        Referring to the term “atheists” the letter claimed the essay included a “bigoted, religious supremacist phrase which defiles the dignity of service members.”

·        The letter goes on to say, “I do not have faith. Several of the 42 clients currently assigned to JBER who requested the MRFF intercede in this instance do not have faith, and they still proudly defend their country in uniform. Lt. Col. Reyes has both violated that fundamental level of respect and current Air Force regulation. As the current commander of JBER, as the officer appointed to care for the 42 service members who have reached out to us, it is your duty to see to it that this behavior is corrected. Lt. Col. Reyes must be appropriately reprimanded, and his 'No atheists in foxholes' article must be removed from the post website.”

Old Gadfly:  What is the definition of faith?

IM:  Let me look it up on my Smart phone . . . According to Dictionary. Reference.com,  there are five definitions in this order:  (1)  confidence or trust in a person or thing; (2)  belief that is not based on proof; (3) belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion; (4) belief in anything, as a code of ethics, standards of merit, etc.; and (5) a system of religious belief.

Old Gadfly:  I have three points to make based on these definitions.  First, a close reading of Reyes’s essay clearly reveals that he pays respect to all five definitions.  Second, notice that in the definition of faith, God and religion are listed after two other definitions.  Secularism is a form of religion.  Obama clearly wants 99% of Americans to have faith in him and his hope and change agenda.  Recall our discussion on Prog: The god of Progressivism.  Finally, the bulk of what we understand as science is based on the second definition.  For example, physics is a scientific domain.  Most of physics is based on units of time.  Can you prove time?  Of course not.  Time is considered a priori knowledge.  We infer the phenomenon of time based on abduction, a combination of inductive and deductive reasoning.  Yet, we have faith in the system of science that requires time for a meaningful understanding of the world in which we live.

AM:  So, do you think Weinstein has faith?

Old Gadfly:  Unless, we deliberately redefine what “faith” means, of course Weinstein has faith.  Unfortunately, his faith is similar to Al Sharpton’s.

AM:  Wow . . . how did Sharpton enter the picture?

Old Gadfly:  What we see playing out in Weinstein and Sharpton campaigns is opportunism, whether it is for power or greed.  Consider Sharpton’s behavior—that is, the so called Reverend Sharpton.  Without apparent racism, he has no role.  He would be like a doctor without sick people.  Is Sharpton’s behavior that different from the African tribal chief’s behavior during the era of transatlantic slave trade?  Tribal chiefs exploited the well-being of their own people to profit from the Dutch who needed cheap labor.[1]  Why would not the Reverend Sharpton be interested in eliminating the apparent causes for the adversities of blacks in America:  violence and poverty most of all?  He is an angry, irritated, and irascible man—routinely complaining, accusing, condemning.  He agitates and organizes the Saul Alinsky way.  Alinsky, another angry, irritated, and irascible man, dedicated his Rules for Radicals to Lucifer. 

IM:  Weinstein also seems opportunistic in exploiting the Zeitgeist of humanistic secularism.  This might explain why he had no interest in criticizing the openly gay Acting Secretary of the Air Force who proselytized gay behavior in Afghanistan.  It appears that proselytizing secular faith values by senior government leaders is allowed.  To add insult to injury, “hate speech” against Christian faith values is acceptable and encouraged. 

Old Gadfly:  Hannah Arendt’s account of the Eichmann trial in the 1960s captures the essence of what our discussion is about.  The subtitle of Arendt’s book about this account included the expression, the “banality of evil.”  Last year, we talked about this concept in IM’s dream involving “dry, parched lips.”  IM, see if you can find definitions for these words, banal and evil.

IM:  Dictionary.Reference.com defines banal as “devoid of freshness or originality; hackneyed; trite.”  Hackneyed means “made commonplace or trite; stale; banal.”  Trite means “lacking in freshness or effectiveness because of constant use or excessive repetition.”  Now, let’s see how evil is defined.  Three of the five definitions are of particular relevance to our discussion:    (1) morally wrong or bad; immoral; wicked (e.g. evil deeds; and evil life); (2) harmful; injurious (e.g., evil laws); and (5) marked by anger, irritability, irascibility, etc. (e.g., he is known for his evil disposition).

Old Gadfly:  I wanted us to take the time to define some key words because they apply to what we see happening in the stories involving Bishop Tutu, the Catholic priest, the attack on the JBER chaplain, and the Acting Secretary of the Air Force.  Amos Elon provided a penetrating introduction to Hannah Arendt’s book, Eichmann in Jerusalem:  A Report on the Banality of Evil.  Here is a key observation:

In The Origins of Totalitarianism [Arendt] held on to a Kantian notion of radical evil, the evil that, under the Nazis, corrupted the basis of moral law, exploded legal categories, and defied human judgment.  In Eichmann in Jerusalem, and in the bitter controversies about it that followed, she insisted that only good had depth.  Good can be radical; evil can never be radical, it can only be extreme, for it possesses neither depth nor any demonic dimension yet—and this is its horror!—it can spread like a fungus over the surface of the earth and lay waste the entire world.  Evil comes from a failure to think.  It defies thought for as soon as thought tries to engage itself with evil and examine the premises and principles from which it originates, it is frustrated because it finds nothing there.  That is the banality of evil.[2]  

Old Gadfly:  Think about the banality of evil in the stories we just discussed.  Tutu assigns privilege to a class of people, even expressing a judgment that he acknowledges might be contrary to the God in which he purports to serve.  He even uses the emotionally-charged word, “homophobia,” to diminish and disrespect the views of the non-privileged class.

AM:  Gadfly, let me interrupt you just for a quick observation.  Hayek, in his foreword to the 1956 American paperback edition to The Road to Serfdom astutely observed that true liberals tend to describe themselves as conservatives, and that there is great danger in this misunderstanding.[3]  He said, “A conservative movement, by its very nature, is bound to be a defender of established privilege and to lean on the power of the government for the protection of privilege.”[4]  Those who fight for the privileged, whether they represent crony capitalism, labor unions, claims for reproductive rights, gay rights, same-sex marriage rights, illegal immigrant rights, minority rights, and so forth, claim to be liberal.  Progressive is probably a more precise label.

Old Gadfly:  Excellent point, AM.  It clearly sharpens our analysis and understanding of the issues we're discussing.  Let’s continue.  The Catholic priest admits to being gay.  He wants to be Catholic and gay.  This is like Lucifer, who chose evil in defiance of God’s will, yet would still want to remain God’s greatest angel.  The attack on the JBER chaplain is exactly what we talked about in our last discussion about the end of truth.  The chaplain’s essay was actually very thoughtful.  Angry, irritated, and irascible people like Weinstein and Sharpton cannot allow thoughtful “examination of the premises and principles from which [evil] originates.”  Finally, the Acting Secretary of the Air Force faced no apparent pushback for secular proselytizing—his behavior is sanctioned by the religious tenets of progressivism.

AM:  Doesn’t Obama come across as angry, irritated, and irascible?

IM:  Absolutely.  In my mind, Obama’s evil disposition started with his opposition to waterboarding and NSA surveillance under the Bush Administration.  He called waterboarding torture and the NSA surveillance an encroachment upon domestic civil liberties.  Now, he speaks of “phony scandals,” trying to diminish a “thoughtful” examination of serious issues that threaten our viability as a Constitutional Republic:  the circumstances surrounding Benghazi; the IRS suppression of the Tea Party and other nonprogressive groups during national elections; Department of Justice incompetence in the Fast and Furious case, its bullying of journalists and various state players, and so forth.  If I were to write a 21st Century American version of Orwell’s Animal Farm, it would look like today’s American progressive politics.

AM:  Yet, for a man who wanted to establish a superior moral foundation before becoming President, Obama took credit for the battlefield execution of bin Laden in direct violation of the Geneva Conventions and had no moral reservation about the assassination of American citizens through drone attacks.  And, in terms of civil liberties, he insisted upon a provision in the National Defense Authorization Act of 2012 that gives him the authority to arrest American citizens and to detain them indefinitely without legal representation.  Combine all this with the looming impact of Obamacare and we have examples of the definitions of evil.

Old Gadfly:  Remember, banality involves a characteristic of triteness:  “lacking in freshness or effectiveness because of constant use or excessive repetition.”  Obama is already into his fifth year of blaming others for the economic situation and others for denying privilege to protected classes, while repetitiously boasting of stimulus policies that are improving the economy with no evidence to support such a claim.  Obama and those who thoughtlessly follow him are the very essence of the banality of evil.

IM:  When will the remaining “good” Americans wake up and speak out against the evil that is spreading like a fungus?

Old Gadfly:  How many Americans are fully aware of the tyranny of the 20th Century?  The numbers are rapidly shrinking.  How would the growing majority be sensitive to the tyranny that is unfolding before them?  Copernican drones lack the capacity to think for themselves, let alone think for others.  History is replete with this kind of behavior. 

IM:  The wisdom literature of the Bible’s Old Testament captured a great deal of this behavior.  One of my favorites is Proverbs 26:11.
 
AM:  I remember that one:  fools return to folly.
 
Old Gadfly:  And they don’t even know it.
 
AM:  Do you mean that they are fools or that they are returning to folly?
 
Old Gadfly:  Yes.

[1] James A. Rawley (with Stephen Behrendt), The Transatlantic Slave Trade:  A History, (rev. ed.), (Lincoln, NE:  The University of Nebraska Press, 2009).
[2] Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem:  A Report on the Banality of Evil, (New York, NY:  Penguin Books, 2006 [originally published 1963), pp. xiii-xiv.
[3] Old Gadfly is grateful to his fellow critical thinker who pointed out Hayek’s privilege distinction during a breakfast meeting earlier this week.
[4] F. A. Hayek, The Road to Serfdom, (the definitive ed.), (Chicago, IL:  The University of Chicago Press, 2007), pp. 45-46.

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